Shungite for RTI
In recent years, the first domestic natural carbon-containing ingredient of rubber compounds, shungite, has become widely used in the tire industry and in the RTI industry. The use of shungite as a substitute for carbon black, or in addition to it, in formulations of tire rubbers and rubber products based on nonpolar elastomers has allowed us to solve a number of urgent problems both in the field of compounding^ so it is in ecology, economics, as well as in the field of improvement of technological processes used for the manufacture of the above-mentioned products.
Due to the characteristics of its chemical and physical structure, shungite has a positive effect on the properties of rubbers, in particular, it can also be used for "complete or partial replacement of sulfur activators" of vulcanization.
Taking into account the specifics of the chemical composition and the uniqueness of the structure of shungite;- the presence of metal oxides, carbon in the form of graphite, fullerenes, and carbon tubes, as well as silicon oxide and silicates — it was possible to assume its high activity relative to halogen-containing elastomers, in particular, the effect on the structuring processes of elastomers containing functional groups, which include active halogen atoms, including chlorine, unlike traditional mineral fillers (kaolin, talc, etc.).
Based on the chemical composition, diphilic nature and specificity of the surface of shungite containing active centers, it seems promising to study the effect of shungite in a fundamentally new quality, as an active ingredient, on the properties of rubber compounds based on chlorine-containing rubbers, as well as their vulcanizates.
The purpose of the dissertation work. Development of new highly active ingredients for rubber compounds based on chlorine-containing rubbers using a natural carbon-containing mineral compound - shungite, which allows solving a number of technical, technological, economic and environmental problems.
In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks were solved:
1. To study the effect of the content of shungite, temperature and time of interaction of shungite with chlorine-containing elastomers on the amount of gel formed in this system and the degree of crosslinking of the elastomer. Determination of optimal conditions for these processes.
2. Investigation of the effect of shungite on the kinetics of dehydrochlorination of chlorine-containing elastomer using the example of polychloroprene and the relationship of this process with the degree of structuring of this rubber.
3. Determination of the nature of the bonds formed in the shungite rubber gel.
4. Investigation of the effect of modification of the surface of shungite by reactive low molecular weight organic compounds (urotropin, resorcinol) on its activity as a structuring agent in chlorine-containing rubbers.
5. Development of formulations of rubber compounds of practical importance based on the experimental data obtained.
Scientific novelty. It was shown for the first time that the natural carbon-containing mineral ingredient shungite is capable of active interaction with chlorine-containing elastomers, accompanied by the formation of a shungite rubber gel. It is suggested that shungite can be used as an additional structuring agent for this type of rubbers.
• Using EPR spectroscopy, DTA, DTG analysis and a Beckman laser analyzer, additional information was obtained on the structure and properties of the shungite used in the work.
• The formation of shungite rubber gel is shown when shungite is introduced into chlorine-containing elastomers. The influence of the shungite content, the sample heating temperature and the time of interaction of shungite with chlorine-containing elastomers on the amount of gel formed in this system and the degree of crosslinking of rubber has been studied. The optimal conditions for the course of these processes have been determined.
• A number of activities of chlorine-containing elastomers have been established with respect to their ability to gel when interacting with shungite: PH > CPE > HSPE > CBC.
• Using the example of polychloroprene, it has been shown that shungite activates dehydrochlorination processes. A correlation was found between the kinetics of dehydrochlorination processes and the degree of structuring of polychloroprene.
• When studying the equilibrium swelling of samples of polychloroprene structured with shungite in solvents of different polarities, it was found that the bonds formed are of a mixed nature (covalent, ion-coordination). These results are confirmed by the calculated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the structuring processes.
• Chemical modification of the surface of shungite by reactive low molecular weight organic compounds (urotropin, resorcinol) leads to an increase in its structuring activity in polychloroprene and chlorosulfated polyethylene.
Practical significance. The possibility of using shungite in the production formulations of rubbers based on polychloroprene, chlorosulfated polyethylene, chlorobutyl rubber as an ingredient is shown, which allows partially or completely eliminating traditional metal oxide components from the composition of these rubbers, reducing the content of the sulfur vulcanizing group, and partially replacing carbon black and traditional mineral fillers.
Due to the characteristics of its chemical and physical structure, shungite has a positive effect on the properties of rubbers, in particular, it can also be used for "complete or partial replacement of sulfur activators" of vulcanization.
Taking into account the specifics of the chemical composition and the uniqueness of the structure of shungite;- the presence of metal oxides, carbon in the form of graphite, fullerenes, and carbon tubes, as well as silicon oxide and silicates — it was possible to assume its high activity relative to halogen-containing elastomers, in particular, the effect on the structuring processes of elastomers containing functional groups, which include active halogen atoms, including chlorine, unlike traditional mineral fillers (kaolin, talc, etc.).
Based on the chemical composition, diphilic nature and specificity of the surface of shungite containing active centers, it seems promising to study the effect of shungite in a fundamentally new quality, as an active ingredient, on the properties of rubber compounds based on chlorine-containing rubbers, as well as their vulcanizates.
The purpose of the dissertation work. Development of new highly active ingredients for rubber compounds based on chlorine-containing rubbers using a natural carbon-containing mineral compound - shungite, which allows solving a number of technical, technological, economic and environmental problems.
In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks were solved:
1. To study the effect of the content of shungite, temperature and time of interaction of shungite with chlorine-containing elastomers on the amount of gel formed in this system and the degree of crosslinking of the elastomer. Determination of optimal conditions for these processes.
2. Investigation of the effect of shungite on the kinetics of dehydrochlorination of chlorine-containing elastomer using the example of polychloroprene and the relationship of this process with the degree of structuring of this rubber.
3. Determination of the nature of the bonds formed in the shungite rubber gel.
4. Investigation of the effect of modification of the surface of shungite by reactive low molecular weight organic compounds (urotropin, resorcinol) on its activity as a structuring agent in chlorine-containing rubbers.
5. Development of formulations of rubber compounds of practical importance based on the experimental data obtained.
Scientific novelty. It was shown for the first time that the natural carbon-containing mineral ingredient shungite is capable of active interaction with chlorine-containing elastomers, accompanied by the formation of a shungite rubber gel. It is suggested that shungite can be used as an additional structuring agent for this type of rubbers.
• Using EPR spectroscopy, DTA, DTG analysis and a Beckman laser analyzer, additional information was obtained on the structure and properties of the shungite used in the work.
• The formation of shungite rubber gel is shown when shungite is introduced into chlorine-containing elastomers. The influence of the shungite content, the sample heating temperature and the time of interaction of shungite with chlorine-containing elastomers on the amount of gel formed in this system and the degree of crosslinking of rubber has been studied. The optimal conditions for the course of these processes have been determined.
• A number of activities of chlorine-containing elastomers have been established with respect to their ability to gel when interacting with shungite: PH > CPE > HSPE > CBC.
• Using the example of polychloroprene, it has been shown that shungite activates dehydrochlorination processes. A correlation was found between the kinetics of dehydrochlorination processes and the degree of structuring of polychloroprene.
• When studying the equilibrium swelling of samples of polychloroprene structured with shungite in solvents of different polarities, it was found that the bonds formed are of a mixed nature (covalent, ion-coordination). These results are confirmed by the calculated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the structuring processes.
• Chemical modification of the surface of shungite by reactive low molecular weight organic compounds (urotropin, resorcinol) leads to an increase in its structuring activity in polychloroprene and chlorosulfated polyethylene.
Practical significance. The possibility of using shungite in the production formulations of rubbers based on polychloroprene, chlorosulfated polyethylene, chlorobutyl rubber as an ingredient is shown, which allows partially or completely eliminating traditional metal oxide components from the composition of these rubbers, reducing the content of the sulfur vulcanizing group, and partially replacing carbon black and traditional mineral fillers.
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Nadvoitskiy zavod TDM LLC INN 1006027353
The site was created by IP Senyukov Artem Nikolaevich (INN - 100603631961)
with the support of the My Business center of the Republic of Karelia.
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